Currently, it is assumed that degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine are the most common chronic diseases characterized by progressive degenerative-dystrophic changes in tissue segments of vertebrate tissues, degradation of intervertebral discsjoints, ligamentous apparatus, the bone tissue of the spine, in advanced cases manifested severe orthopedic, neurological and visceral disorders, and often leads to disability.
Acute back pain of varying intensity is observed in 80-100% of the population. About 40% of the patients seek medical help. It is known that after 30 years one in five people worldwide suffer from discogenic radiculitis, one of the syndromes of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. According to the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics and General Directorate of Health in Moscow, the capital of every 1000 people of the adult population account for 122 patients with dysfunction of the spine. Among the structural changes of the spine, causing back pain, are the following: hernia pulposis nucleus, the narrow spinal canal, instability due to a disk or extra disk pathology; musculo-tonic or fascial syndrome.
No accident that in recent years, both in this country and abroad, numerous symposia and conferences devoted to this issue. Many researches show not only the high frequency of degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine, but there is no tendency to reduce the frequency of these diseases. Striking more often than people of working age, degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine lead to significant labor loses and often causes disabling. Of the total number of sick leaves granted only to neurologists, more than 70% occurring in various clinical manifestations of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. Among the causes of temporary disability and disability is a disease still has one of the first places. The level of disability among patients with degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine is 4 persons per 10 thousand population and ranks first on this indicator in the group of diseases of the locomotors apparatus.
The problem of preventing the development of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine and eliminate pain syndrome is becoming increasingly important and needs to be addressed in designing an effective program of physical rehabilitation, and in terms of its accessibility to all categories of the population. In an era of total computerization, a sharp transition from physical to mental labor is a decrease in motor activity of man. Sedentary work, riding in the car led to a decrease in muscle tone. Some researches were conducted and it was found that 80% of the time the spine is in a forced half-bent position. Prolonged stay in this position stretches flexor muscles of the back and lowers their tone. This is one of the major factors that lead to degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine.
Brief history of the study of compression syndromes of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine are as follows:
• Cotugno (1794) – Infectious theory of sciatica;
• Virchov (1857) – described herniation of the cervical intervertebral disc (MD) under the name of extradural chondroma;
• Babinsky (1888), Bekhterev (1913) – The clinical roots of the spinal cord injury (SM) for squeezing them into the spinal canal;
• Dandy (1929) – Suggested cartilage fragments that may come from the disk;
• Schmorl (1932) – a classic work on the sites of cartilage and degenerative lesions of the MD;
• Hildenbrandt (1933) – characterized degenerative changes in the CBMs and introduced the concept of “osteochondrosis”;
• Mixter and Barr (1934) – they used the term “herniated disc” first;
• Margulis (1940) – coined the term “sciatica”;
• Popelyansky Ya.Yu., having been equipped with AI, created a school for the study of osteochondrosis (1970-1980).
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