In 1984 the collective monograph ” Osteochondrosis in the spine” gave the definition of the disease: Osteochondrosis – is the most severe form of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the spine, which is based on degeneration of the disc with subsequent involvement of the adjacent vertebral bodies, intervertebral joints and ligamentous apparatus. In each of the vertebral column for osteochondrosis localization is typical.
In 1980-90-ies theory of preemptive myogenic origin of dorsalgia became the dominant. Many clinicians believe that almost 90% of cases of back pain are manifestations of myofascial syndrome.
However, vertebrogenous factor in the development dorsalgia should not be underestimated. Vertebrogenic reasons of dorsalgia are degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine and their manifestations such as disc hernia, deforming spondylosis, spondylarthritis.
To a greater extent with the pain syndrome diseases are connected that are not associated with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine: sacred ones, lumbolization, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis, Bechterew’s disease.
Pulposis kernel unchanged intervertebral disc that is to say a homogeneous mass, which is bounded by fibrous ring and terminal cartilaginoid plates adjacent vertebral bodies above and below.
As we age, the number of mucopolysaccharides reduce and change in their qualitative composition that leads to a decrease in the content of the liquid in the nucleus. The nucleus loses its properties of the gel, the disc itself becomes thinner and loses its function of elastic body. In addition, the weakening of adhesion between the plates of collagen fibrous ring, there is a tension ring and the appearance of a cavity. These processes are taking place against a background of progressive atrophy of the vessels supplying intervertebral discs. Replacement of blood supply to the diffusion mechanism, which effectiveness is much lower, leads to significant changes of pulposis nucleus. There are cracks and breaks in the fibrous ring, formed with intervertebral herniation.
Vertebrae are composed of inner spongy and compact external substances. Spongy substance in the form of bone beams provides strength vertebrae. External compact substance consists of lamellar bone tissue, providing the hardness of the outer layer and the possibility of the vertebral body to take the load, such as compression when walking. Inside the vertebrae, except for bone girders, is the red bone marrow, which has a function of hematopoiesis.
Bone structure is continuously updated: the cells of the same type employed expansion of bone tissue, a different type – its update. Mechanical forces, stresses to which the vertebrae to stimulate the formation of new cells. Enhancing effects on bone leads to accelerated formation of more dense bone tissue, and vice versa. To explain the pathogenesis of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine put forward different theories.
In the involutive basis of the theory is the assumption that the cause of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine – the premature aging and depreciation of intervertebral discs.
At the heart muscle of the theory of the cause of the emergence and development of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine was considered a constant tension of muscles or hypotonia of muscles, inflammation of muscles and ligaments. Some authors believe that the basis for the development of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine is the creation of the wrong muscle motor stereotype, which leads to mechanical overload of the components of the intervertebral segment and ultimately – to the emergence of processes of degeneration and involution.
Supporters of the endocrine and exchange theories tried to link the emergence and development of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine with endocrine and metabolic disorders. The theory of heredity suggests a hereditary predisposition to the development of degenerative-dystrophy diseases of the spine.
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The Internet offers many free physicians consulting of various specialties. But often, we do not know what the doctor specialization should make a specific disease.
In this article we will cover what is a neuroscience, which a doctor treats that is to say a neurologist and what the problems you should contact him with.
Neurology is the science of diseases of the central (that is to say, brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (that are nerve fibres) of nervous systems and methods for their treatment and diagnosis.
The modern name of the doctor’s specialty is as follows: neurologist (the obsolete). Neurologist is a physician who has completed higher medical education and has an experience in the neurology. A neurologist treats and diagnoses diseases that have no direct connection with changes in the psychic field. This is a disease of the central and of the peripheral nervous system. Many of these diseases are accompanied by a change in behaviour and mental functioning, in this case to treat these patients are involved, psychiatrists, and usually therapists.
The most common reason for seeking medical attention, not only in neurological but also in the whole medical practice, is a headache. From time to time it feels 70% of the population of our planet, while the majority of people taking analgesics, not even trying to examine. Recurrent and chronic headache may be a consequence of depression, anxiety, hormonal disorders, stress, vascular changes, atherosclerosis, and diseases of the locomotor apparatus. Headache may be the leading, and sometimes the only symptom of more than 50 diseases, so it is important to find the reasons for its occurrence.
One of the most topical problems in neuroscience is the pathologies of the autonomic nervous system. As shown by epidemiological studies in the modern city, various vegetative disturbances varying degree occur more than 75% of the population. They manifest symptoms such as: cardiac arrhythmia, intolerance to loading; pain in the left half of the breast; instability of blood pressure, frequent headaches, chronic fatigue, low blood pressure, decrease in concentration, decrease in mood, irritability;
Also, a doctor who is a neurologist may be contacted about the illnesses of the nervous system such as: sciatica, lumbago, vegetative-vascular dystonia, migraine, herniation of the intervertebral disc, neuralgia, headache, dizziness, treatment for sciatica, insomnia, low back pain, sciatica, tinnitus, memory disturbances, hypertensive encephalopathy, sleep disturbances, jamming the sciatic nerve, chronic insufficiency of cerebral circulation (discirculatory encephalopathy), chronic fatigue syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, traumatic effects – brain trauma (posttraumatic encephalopathy), facial pain (trigeminal neuralgia, etc.), dizziness, encephalitis, stroke and other circulatory disorders of the brain, complications of osteochondrosis, back pain of different origins, neuropathy of the facial nerve, various polyneuropathy walking disturbances, falls, neuritis, tumors of the brain and spinal cord.
To learn more about sciatica and sciatic nerve pain in particular – please visit this site with helpful sciatica-related info.
And please pay your attention to the simply fact that right now we all live in the world where info quickly enhances the quality of our life.
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Currently, it is assumed that degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine are the most common chronic diseases characterized by progressive degenerative-dystrophic changes in tissue segments of vertebrate tissues, degradation of intervertebral discsjoints, ligamentous apparatus, the bone tissue of the spine, in advanced cases manifested severe orthopedic, neurological and visceral disorders, and often leads to disability.
Acute back pain of varying intensity is observed in 80-100% of the population. About 40% of the patients seek medical help. It is known that after 30 years one in five people worldwide suffer from discogenic radiculitis, one of the syndromes of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. According to the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics and General Directorate of Health in Moscow, the capital of every 1000 people of the adult population account for 122 patients with dysfunction of the spine. Among the structural changes of the spine, causing back pain, are the following: hernia pulposis nucleus, the narrow spinal canal, instability due to a disk or extra disk pathology; musculo-tonic or fascial syndrome.
No accident that in recent years, both in this country and abroad, numerous symposia and conferences devoted to this issue. Many researches show not only the high frequency of degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine, but there is no tendency to reduce the frequency of these diseases. Striking more often than people of working age, degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine lead to significant labor loses and often causes disabling. Of the total number of sick leaves granted only to neurologists, more than 70% occurring in various clinical manifestations of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. Among the causes of temporary disability and disability is a disease still has one of the first places. The level of disability among patients with degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine is 4 persons per 10 thousand population and ranks first on this indicator in the group of diseases of the locomotors apparatus.
The problem of preventing the development of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine and eliminate pain syndrome is becoming increasingly important and needs to be addressed in designing an effective program of physical rehabilitation, and in terms of its accessibility to all categories of the population. In an era of total computerization, a sharp transition from physical to mental labor is a decrease in motor activity of man. Sedentary work, riding in the car led to a decrease in muscle tone. Some researches were conducted and it was found that 80% of the time the spine is in a forced half-bent position. Prolonged stay in this position stretches flexor muscles of the back and lowers their tone. This is one of the major factors that lead to degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine.
Brief history of the study of compression syndromes of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine are as follows:
• Cotugno (1794) – Infectious theory of sciatica;
• Virchov (1857) – described herniation of the cervical intervertebral disc (MD) under the name of extradural chondroma;
• Babinsky (1888), Bekhterev (1913) – The clinical roots of the spinal cord injury (SM) for squeezing them into the spinal canal;
• Dandy (1929) – Suggested cartilage fragments that may come from the disk;
• Schmorl (1932) – a classic work on the sites of cartilage and degenerative lesions of the MD;
• Hildenbrandt (1933) – characterized degenerative changes in the CBMs and introduced the concept of “osteochondrosis”;
• Mixter and Barr (1934) – they used the term “herniated disc” first;
• Margulis (1940) – coined the term “sciatica”;
• Popelyansky Ya.Yu., having been equipped with AI, created a school for the study of osteochondrosis (1970-1980).
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There is one interesting fact. Women who use high-heeled shoes for a long time have their rear sections of intervertebral discs overloaded, and therefore the development of osteochondrosis is possible.
Some researchers believe that, in addition to mechanical factors in the origin of degenerative disc disease a violation of metabolic processes is important, in particular the lack of vitamin C. It should be noted that the intervertebral discs in the adult bad “eat”, because they do not have their own vessels.
At first, bulging disc disappears; it reappears under the influence of traumatic factors then. And then the man repeated bouts of lumbago are. When the bulging disc becomes significant the so-called hernia of the intervertebral disc may occur. She presses on the nerve root passes near. And the person feels pain in his leg.
Since the basis of the lumbosacral radiculitis is an overload of the spine, repeated his injuries, most importantly in the prevention of disease, reducing static and dynamic overload of the spine, the exclusion of conditions conducive to injury. What are these measures?
At the national scale it is the widespread introduction of mechanization and automation of labour-intensive work, the steady reduction of the scope of manual labour. Unfortunately, there are many professions where the work is fraught with considerable physical exertion. And in this regard remains to be done by our designers and engineers.
Individual prevention of degenerative disc disease, and hence the lumbosacral radiculitis, should begin in childhood. This means that they should follow the formation of the child correct posture, to prevent curvature of the spine caused by incorrect posture at the desk, to prevent the development of flat feet, to teach children motor coordination and ability to relax muscles.
It is important to efficiently organize their workplace to work in-the correct position, with the straight back. It is necessary to avoid prolonged stay in an uncomfortable posture, repetitive tilts and rotations of the trunk. If a professional attitude, even correct, for a long time remained unchanged, it is useful to periodically change the position of the body, do physical exercise pause.
However, it should be remembered, and others, uncoordinated movements, abrupt load with unbalanced muscular contractions during the unsuccessful jumps, jerky movements, playing skittles, volleyball, lifting rod may be a potential threat to the development of degenerative disc disease. Consequently, there is the need to train properly, clearly mastering the technique of individual movements.
Lift and carry heavy loads is better with the straight back and keep wear to a close as possible to the torso. Better yet, carry a heavy baggage on his shoulder. With belts, yokes and other devices to distribute the load evenly as possible front and rear. When you need to raise the weight from the ground, can not bend, you should bend your knees and squat slightly, keeping your back straight. Just need to raise and child.
If you decide to buy new furniture, pay attention to chairs then. It is easier for those that have a low seat with inner slope and a slightly convex back at the point of bending of the spine. If there is no bending of the back, tie a pillow to the inner side of it.
A few tips for those who suffer lumbosacral radiculitis are as follows. When acute pain is you should observe strict bed rest. Bed should be rigid and not sag. When you are permitted to stand, it is helpful to wear a removable rigid corset or belt weightlifters. If the pain is not completely gone, try to sit lower. Television transmissions better watch lying is reclining or standing. When the pain decreases, do some therapeutic exercises, useful for massage of back muscles.
To learn more about sciatica and sciatic nerve pain in particular – please visit this site with helpful sciatica-related info.
And please pay your attention to the simply fact that right now we all live in the world where knowledge makes life easier.
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Symptoms of lumbosacral radiculitis are well known. The disease begins with assault acute pain, or, as it is often said with our patients, “lumbago” in the back. The lumbar muscles are stretched. There is growing feeling of stiffness. Movements are painful and limited.
Onset of pain (lumbago) usually lasts several days. Then pain subsides, the spine is moving, and the person feels healthy. Yet even outside the attack may experience intermittent feelings of awkwardness, gravity in the lumbar region (the so-called lumbar discomfort).
With the passage of time, pain on the side or back of the legs can join to bouts of back pain. Man forced to take a posture in which pain is felt less. Some, for example, were relieved when the person lie down, put a pillow under her stomach. Sitting is usually easier with outstretched foot on one half of the buttocks, leaning both hands on the seat.
For a long time it was felt that the cause of disease is inflammation of the sciatic nerve caused by infection. A related name for the disease: sciatica, sciatic neuralgia. However, even at the beginning of this century, neurologists noticed that more often not the inflamed sciatic nerve, and forming his spinal roots. There is a new name for the disease radicular sciatica and lumbar-but-sacral radiculitis.
New data, obtained through the joint work of anatomists and radiologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons, physiologists and biochemists, indicate that the disease is most often associated with changes in the lumbar spine. What exactly, I’ll tell you.
Let me remind you before, that the adjacent vertebrae in the spine are connected to each other intervertebral joints and strong ligaments. Between the vertebrae are openings through which the radicular nerves. Cartilage elastic intervertebral discs perform the role of shock absorber. They also provide the flexibility of the spine. If by virtue of any reasons intervertebral joints are deformed, then narrowed intervertebral foramen and compressed radicular nerves. Man feels the pain. Such changes in the spine are called spondee-deforming arthrosis.
Sometimes the pain is associated with calcification of ligaments of the spine (spondylosis deformans), this phenomenon is sometimes erroneously referred to the deposition of salts.
But the most frequent cause of pain in lower back and legs are degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc osteochondrosis. And these changes are prerequisites, because intervertebral discs have greater static and dynamic loads.
For clarity, we present data obtained by measuring inside disk pressure and power disk compression in the lumbar region. It was found that the highest inside dick pressure noted is in the sitting position, up to 175 kilograms, in other words, 10-15 kilograms per square centimetre. In the standing position it is up to 120 kilograms. If you fall or jump the wrong load on the spine increases so that may be critical. We know that to break the normal disk requires axial compression force of 500 kilograms, but in osteochondrosis damage the disc comes with a much smaller axial compression force.
Mathematical analysis has shown that a person whose growth 160 centimetres and weight 65 kilograms, standing upright with his arms outstretched horizontally forward, the force of contraction of the last lumbar disc is 67 kilograms. If in such a situation to hold a weight of 10 kilograms, the force-compression utility will be 209 pounds! If the trunk is tilted forward at an angle of 90 degrees and the hands are omitted, this force will amount to 210 kilograms, and if one keeps to the same weight of 30 kilograms, the disk will experience a compression of 480 pounds. Often, for example, by coughing, sneezing, straining, while decreasing all the muscles of the trunk and spine compression forces up to 240 kilograms. That is why in such situations a person often feels pain.
As you can see on a daily basis throughout the life, our spine is experiencing heavy loads. However, we do not feel up to it as long as intervertebral discs retain their elasticity, good amortize.
With age in the aging organism elasticity titles released gradually decreases, decreasing their height, and the bodies of the vertebrae appear marginal growths (osteophytes). Although the 50 years these changes have already expressed, in normal circumstances, the specific disorder does not occur. Another thing, if under the influence of spinal injury or, more commonly happens, the long microtraumas wheels wear out prematurely. There osteochondrosis. This can happen in 40 and 30 years.
Who is most vulnerable to long microtraumas? People engaged in hard physical labour or constantly experiencing concussion (drivers of cars, tractors, trains), as well as those who have long stays in a bent position, or sitting, or commit the same type of motion. Changing discs is rather uneven and overloading of the spine, for example, people with congenital hip dislocation, curvature of the spine, as well as after the amputation of his legs. People with excess weight have also their intervertebral discs affected with it.
To learn more about sciatica and sciatic nerve pain in particular – please visit this site with helpful sciatica-related info.
And please pay your attention to the simply fact that right now we all are living in the world where knowledge makes life easier.
Due to this if you are properly armed with the information in your topic you can be sure that you will in any case find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to track this site on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS feed. In such an easy way you will have a direct shortcut to the freshest info updates here. Blogs can be helpful, you just need to know how to use them.
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